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Ensuring food safety is paramount worldwide.Developing effective detection methods to ensure food safety can be challenging owing to trace hazards,long detection time,and resource-poor sites,in addition to the matrix effects of food.Personal glucose meter(PGM),a classic point-of-care testing device,possesses unique application advantages,demonstrating promise in food safety.Currently,many studies have used PGM-based biosensors and signal amplification technologies to achieve sensitive and specific detection of food hazards.Signal amplification technologies have the potential to greatly improve the analytical performance and integration of PGMs with biosensors,which is crucial for solving the challenges associated with the use of PGMs for food safety analysis.This review introduces the basic detection principle of a PGM-based sensing strategy,which consists of three key factors:target recog-nition,signal transduction,and signal output.Representative studies of existing PGM-based sensing strategies combined with various signal amplification technologies(nanomaterial-loaded multienzyme labeling,nucleic acid reaction,DNAzyme catalysis,responsive nanomaterial encapsulation,and others)in the field of food safety detection are reviewed.Future perspectives and potential opportunities and challenges associated with PGMs in the field of food safety are discussed.Despite the need for complex sample preparation and the lack of standardization in the field,using PGMs in combination with signal amplification technology shows promise as a rapid and cost-effective method for food safety hazard analysis.
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The main components of the gastric tumor stroma consist of cells in both the immune and non-immune microenvironments. The effectiveness of a series of therapeutic measures such as adjuvant chemotherapy is closely related to the composition of gastric tumor stroma. By analyzing the components in the gastric tumor stroma, we understand the characteristics of the constituents in the pathological structure of gastric cancer, and further explore the connection of each component of the stroma with pathological structure and regulatory mechanisms of stroma components on the occurrence and progression of gastric tumors. Combined with artificial intel-ligence technology to analyze the pathological features related to stroma components of tumor microenvironment, the dynamic changes of immune microenvironment and non-immune microen-vironment in gastric cancer are expected to reveal.
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Objective:To analyze the role of preoperative circulating tumor cell(CTC) and circulating tumor vascular endothelial cells (CTEC) in the diagnosis of gastric cancer and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer.Methods:Sixty-two gastric cancer patients and 11 patients of benign gastric diseases were enrolled. Subtraction enrichment (SE) and immunofluorescence staining-chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization (i·FISH) were used to integrate the unique SE-i ·FISH technology platform detecting patients′ CTC and CTEC.Results:The number of CTC in the gastric cancer group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( t=2.693, P=0.009); the number of CTEC in the gastric cancer group was higher than the control group ( t=2.015, P=0.048). With the cut-off value being set at 9 cells/6 ml in blood, the sensitivity of CTC in the diagnosis of gastric cancer is 84%, and the specificity is 82% (AUC=0.876, 95% CI, 0.792-0.963, P<0.01); When set at 6 cells/6 ml, the sensitivity of CTEC in the diagnosis of gastric cancer is 50%, and the specificity is 100%(AUC=0.727, 95% CI, 0.603-0.851, P=0.02). CTC positive is closely related to tumor location(χ 2=4.292, P=0.038 ) and TNM stage(CTC≥10, χ 2=4.848, P=0.028; CTC≥11, χ 2=6.234, P=0.013). CTEC positive is closely related to serum CA19-9(χ 2=4.858, P=0.028) and serum CA724 (χ 2=4.108, P=0.043 ) . Conclusion:SE-i·FISH technology has high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of CTC and CTEC of gastric cancer.
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Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of step-by-step balloon dilatation combined with contineous biliary drainage in treating benign biliary-enteric anastomosis stricture.Methods The clinical data and imaging materials of 49 patients with benign biliary-enteric anastomosis stricture,who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from January 2008 to March 2014 to receive treatment,were retrospectively analyzed.Before treatment,the diagnosis of benign biliary-enteric anastomosis stricture was confirmed in all patients by color Doppler ultrasound,MRI and/or contrast-enhanced CT scan,endoscopic or DSA-guided anastomosis biopsy.Among the 49 patients,23 patients (study group) were treated with percutaneous transhepatic step-by-step balloon dilatation (the diameter of used balloon was 8 mm initially,then 10 mm balloon was used in the second month,and 12 mm balloon was used in the third month) together with contineous biliary drainage (lasting for 6 months);26 patients (control group) were treated with single percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilatation (balloon diameter of 6 mm or 8 mm) plus biliary drainage (lasting for 6 months).The improvement of clinical symptoms,the incidence of postoperative complications,and the anastomotic patency rate were compared between the two groups.Results Technical success was obtained in all patients.No procedure-related complications,such as biliary tract hemorrhage and perforation,occurred.One week after the treatment,the difference in bilirubin level between the two groups was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Although the difference in 3-month anastomotic patency rate between the two groups was not statistically significant,the 6-month,12-month and 24-month anastomotic patency rates of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).Three patients in the study group developed recurrent jaundice at 11.2,14.3 and 17.6 months after treatment respectively;MRI and contrast-enhanced CT scan confirmed the diagnosis of anastomotic stricture recurrence,and balloon dilatation together with drainage tube placement had to be carried out again.In the control group,16 patients developed recurrent jaundice within 3.1-17.1 months after balloon dilatation management,among them one patient died of disseminated intravascular coagulation and the remaining 15 patients received balloon dilatation together with drainage tube placement again.Conclusion For benign biliary-enteric anastomosis strictures,step-by-step balloon dilatation combined with persistent biliary drainage is a safe and effective minimally-invasive treatment.
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Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of percutaneous transhepatic portal vein or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemie shunt (TIPS)to implant the portal vein metallic stent in treatment of cavernous transformation of portal vein (CTPV).Methods Clinical and imaging data of 8 patients with CTPV were retrospectively analyzed who were treated in our hospital.All patients were treated with metallic stent implantation in portal vein including 3 patients by TIPS and 5 by percutaneous transhepatic portal vein.Results All patients were successful in the stent implantation without any occurrence of serious complications such as intra-abdominal hemorrhage and so on.Intraoperative angiography showed blood circulated freely in these stents.1 day-2 weeks later,the patients symptoms of abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding were obviously relieved or disappeared.Follow up 1 month-3 years,1 patient with stent occlusion after one year of operation,the blood flow recovery after stent reimplantation,and the remaining patients,color doppler ultrasound reflected patency of blood flows in their stents.No one suffered from gastrointestinal bleeding or abdominal pain again.Conclusion Implantation of portal vein metallic stent via percutaneous transhepatic portal vein or via TIPS in treatment of cavernous transformation of portal vein is safe and effective.
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Objective To discuss the influence of different antitumor treatments on the survival time of patients with obstructive jaundice caused by cholangiocarcinoma located at middle-low segment of common bile duct after receiving PTCD. Methods During the period from Jan. 2012 to March 2013, a total of 60 patients with pathologically-proved cholangiocarcinoma located at the middle-low segment of common bile duct were admitted to authors’ hospital. According to tumor TNM staging, stage Ⅱ was seen in 9 cases, stage Ⅲ in 39 cases and stage Ⅳ in 12 cases. Based on the degree of cell differentiation, highly differentiated cancer was observed in 9 cases, moderately differentiated cancer in 37 cases, and poorly differentiated cancer in 14 cases. The 60 patients were enrolled in this study. Drainage tube placement and stent implantation were performed in all patients so as to relieve the symptoms of jaundice. According to the antitumor treatment used, the 60 patients were randomly and equally divided into three groups with 20 patients in each group. Draining procedure with subsequent regular arterial infusion chemotherapy was employed in the patients of group A; draining procedure with subsequent particle chain placement in biliary tract was performed in the patients of group B; and draining procedure with subsequent regular arterial infusion chemotherapy together with particle chain placement in biliary tract was carried out in the patients of group C. The results were analyzed using SPSS17.0 statistical software. The death factors of patients were statistically evaluated by using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis method, P0.05). The risk of death in group B was not significantly different from that in group A (HR=1.012, 95%CI 0.558-2.179); while the treatment mode of group C was a protection factor of death (HR=0.334, 95%CI 0.148-0.075). Conclusion The TNM stage and treatment mode can influence the survival time of patients with cholangiocarcinoma located at the middle-low segment of common bile duct. Therefore, for the treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by cholangiocarcinoma, combination use of regular arterial infusion chemotherapy and particle chain placement in biliary tract should be employed immediately after draining procedure as this therapeutic mode can effectively prolong patient’s survival time.
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Objective To investigate the value of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiobiopsy (PTCB) in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.Methods The clinical data of 826 patients with obstructive jaundice who received PTCB at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2001 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The pathological results,positive rates of PTCB and complications were analyzed.The safety and efficacy of PTCB and the pathological features of malignancy causing obstructive jaundice were summarized.The difference in the positive rates of PTCB for biliary and non-biliary malignancies was analyzed by chi-square test.Results A total of 826 patients received PTCB,and the success rate was 100％.Eighty-six patients had complications postoperatively,including transit bilhaemia in 47 patients,bile leakage in 11 patients,temporary biliary hemorrhage in 28 patients,no severe complications occurred.There were 740 patients were with malignant biliary stricture and 86 with benign biliary stricture.Seven Hundred and twenty-seven patients were with positive results of PTCB (641 were with cancerous stricture and 86 with inflammation of biliary tract or fibrogenesis),and 99 patients were with false negative results.The overall positive rate of PTCB was 88.01％ (727/826).Malignant neoplasm accounted for 89.59％ (740/826) of the factors causing obstructive jaundice,and well-,moderate-and poor-differentiated neoplasms were accounted for 57.88％ (371/641),19.97％ (128/641) and 22.15％ (142/641).Biliary adenocarcinoma was the main pathologic type,which was accounted for 96.41％ (618/641).The positive rates of PTCB for biliary and non-biliary neoplasms were 89.50％ (469/524)and 79.63％ (172/216),with significant difference (x2 =12.87,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions PTCB is a safe,feasible and easy way to diagnose obstructive jaundice.Biliary neoplasms are the best indications for PTCB.Well differentiated neoplasm is the main pathological type causing the obstructive jaundice.